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Calculate glaze batch weight from unity formula and raw material analysis. Scale recipes to any batch size for consistent studio pottery glazing.
Create kiln firing schedules with ramp rates, hold times, and cone temperatures. Plan bisque and glaze firings for electric and gas pottery kilns.
Calculate clay shrinkage percentage from wet, dry, and fired dimensions. Plan pottery sizes accurately for clay bodies from leather-hard through glaze firing.
Pure metals melt at a single point. Alloys melt over a range: solidus is when melting begins, liquidus is when fully molten. Casting temperature is typically 100–150°F above liquidus.
Casting temp ≈ liquidus + (50–100°C) for centrifugal castingGold alloy melting point drops as copper and silver content increase. 14k yellow gold liquidus is ~871°C; 18k is ~950°C; 24k gold melts at 1064°C.
Melting point varies by Au/Cu/Ag/Pd/Zn ratio (nomogram or lookup)Each solder grade must melt below the metal being joined. Hard solder ~745°C for silver; medium ~720°C; easy ~705°C. Gold solders scale with karat.
Solder flow temp < parent metal solidus − safety marginUpdated: July 2026
14k yellow liquidus ~871°C. Cast at 980–1010°C with flask at 900–950°F burnout temp. Avoid overheating which increases porosity and zinc burn-off in white gold.
Sterling solidus 893°C. Use hard solder at ~745°C for first joins, medium for subsequent, easy for final repairs — each step lowers risk of remelting prior joints.
Pt 950/Ir melts ~1780°C. Requires oxy-acetylene or induction; soldering with 1700–1750°C weld solder. Calculator confirms torch settings far above gold/silver ranges.
Insufficient superheat causes cold shuts and poor fill. Cast 100–150°F above liquidus for complete mold fill, adjusting for flask temperature and metal mass.
Save easy solder for final steps. Structural joins need hard solder so subsequent heating does not remelt and weaken earlier connections.
Jewelry fabrication and casting require knowing solidus and liquidus temperatures for each metal and alloy. This calculator provides melting points, recommended casting temperatures, and solder compatibility ranges for common jewelry metals.