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Calculate glaze batch weight from unity formula and raw material analysis. Scale recipes to any batch size for consistent studio pottery glazing.
Create kiln firing schedules with ramp rates, hold times, and cone temperatures. Plan bisque and glaze firings for electric and gas pottery kilns.
Calculate clay shrinkage percentage from wet, dry, and fired dimensions. Plan pottery sizes accurately for clay bodies from leather-hard through glaze firing.
Fragrance load is FO weight as a percent of total wax weight. Most container soy waxes handle 6–10% FO; paraffin blends may accept up to 12%. Exceeding limits causes sweating and poor burn.
FO weight (g) = wax weight (g) × (FO% / 100)Scale FO proportionally when changing batch size. A 454 g (1 lb) batch at 8% needs 36.3 g FO regardless of how many containers it fills.
FO per candle = (wax per candle) × (FO% / 100)Total pour weight equals wax plus FO. Some makers calculate FO as percent of total blend — verify whether your wax supplier specifies wax-only or total batch basis.
Total batch weight = wax weight + FO weightUpdated: July 2026
Wax per candle ~226 g at 9%: FO = 226 × 0.09 = 20.3 g (~0.72 oz). Stay within wax manufacturer max and IFRA limits for the specific fragrance.
4540 g wax × 0.07 = 318 g FO total. Weigh FO on a gram scale for consistency across a 12-candle batch poured from one pot.
Test 6%, 8%, and 10% on identical 4 oz tins. Calculator gives 11 g, 14.5 g, and 18 g FO respectively on 181 g wax — compare cold and hot throw before scaling.
Paraffin, soy, coconut, and beeswax blends have different maximum loads. Check your specific wax data sheet before applying a standard 10% load.
Add FO at 185°F (85°C) or wax manufacturer spec, stir 2 minutes, then cool to pour temp. Overheating FO degrades scent and creates safety hazards.
Adding the correct fragrance oil (FO) amount is critical for scent throw and wax stability. This calculator determines FO weight from total wax weight and your target fragrance load percentage, respecting wax and FO manufacturer limits.