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Calculate glaze batch weight from unity formula and raw material analysis. Scale recipes to any batch size for consistent studio pottery glazing.
Create kiln firing schedules with ramp rates, hold times, and cone temperatures. Plan bisque and glaze firings for electric and gas pottery kilns.
Calculate clay shrinkage percentage from wet, dry, and fired dimensions. Plan pottery sizes accurately for clay bodies from leather-hard through glaze firing.
Dilution is EO volume as percent of total blend. Adult topical use typically 1–3%; facial use 0.5–1%; acute short-term use up to 5% for some oils under guidance.
EO volume (ml) = total volume (ml) × (dilution% / 100)Standard assumption: 20 drops ≈ 1 ml for most essential oils (varies 15–25 by viscosity and orifice). Use weight for precision on expensive oils.
Drops ≈ EO ml × 20 (standard conversion)Carrier volume is total minus EO volume. Common carriers: jojoba, sweet almond, fractionated coconut, grapeseed.
Carrier (ml) = total volume − EO volumeUpdated: July 2026
2% of 10 ml = 0.2 ml EO ≈ 4 drops. Fill remainder with 9.8 ml carrier. Suitable for adult wrist pulse-point application.
0.9 ml EO ≈ 18 drops total. Can combine oils within IFRA limits — e.g., 6 drops lavender + 6 drops peppermint + 6 drops eucalyptus in 29.1 ml carrier.
0.075 ml EO ≈ 1–2 drops max. Use gentle oils (rose, chamomile) at low dilution for facial skin sensitivity.
Except rare clinical exceptions (lavender on minor burns), always dilute. Neat application causes sensitization — permanent allergic response to that oil.
Each oil has different potency and dermal limits. Clove, cinnamon, oregano require much lower dilution than lavender or tea tree.
Essential oils must be diluted in carrier oil before most topical use. This calculator converts target dilution percentage and batch volume into precise drops of essential oil and milliliters of carrier oil for safe blending.