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Calculate beer IBU from hop additions, alpha acid percentage, boil time, and batch volume. Estimate bitterness for homebrew recipe design.
Calculate mash and sparge water volumes from grain bill weight, mash thickness, and target pre-boil volume for all-grain homebrewing.
Calculate water needed to dilute spirits to a target ABV percentage. Adjust proof for blending, bottling, and cocktail batch preparation.
CO2 volumes indicate gas volume at standard temperature and pressure dissolved in beer. British ales: 1.5–2.2. American ales: 2.2–2.7. Lagers: 2.4–2.8. Belgian styles: 2.5–4.0.
Residual CO2 from fermentation + Priming CO2 = Target volumesCorn sugar (glucose) yields ~42% CO2 by weight. For 5 gallons targeting 2.5 volumes from 0.8 residual: approximately 4–5 oz (113–142 g) corn sugar.
Sugar (g) = (Target CO2 − Residual CO2) × Volume (L) × 3.82 (for glucose)Beer retains dissolved CO2 from fermentation based on bottling temperature. Colder beer holds more residual CO2 — less priming sugar needed.
Residual CO2 ≈ 3.0378 − 0.0501×T + 0.00025×T² (T in °F)Updated: July 2026
Bottling at 68°F (~0.85 volumes residual). Target 2.4 volumes: ~4.5 oz (128 g) corn sugar dissolved in boiling water, mixed gently into beer.
Higher carbonation requires ~6.5 oz (184 g) corn sugar per 5 gallons. Use heavy bottles rated for pressure — standard long-necks may not survive 3.5+ volumes.
DME is ~70% fermentable vs 100% for glucose. Multiply corn sugar amount by 1.43 to get equivalent DME weight for the same carbonation level.
Residual CO2 varies significantly with temperature. Beer bottled at 40°F needs less sugar than beer at 75°F for the same target carbonation.
DME is less fermentable by weight than pure glucose. Increase DME amount by ~43% compared to corn sugar for equivalent carbonation.
Bottle-conditioned beer needs a precise sugar dose to produce target carbonation without over-pressurizing bottles. Priming sugar amount depends on batch volume, desired CO2 volumes, beer temperature at bottling, and sugar type. This calculator computes grams of corn sugar, DME, or table sugar needed.