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Calculate correct arrow spine deflection from draw weight, length, and point weight. Select properly spined arrows for recurve and compound bows.
Calculate ballistic coefficient (BC) from bullet weight, diameter, and drag model. Compare G1 and G7 BC for long-range shooting trajectory.
Calculate muzzle energy in ft-lbs from bullet weight and muzzle velocity. Compare cartridge power for hunting and ballistic performance.
In vacuum, drop = ½gt². Air drag reduces effective acceleration and increases time of flight, adding more drop than vacuum calculation.
Drop (in) ≈ ½ × g × TOF² × 12 (vacuum baseline; drag increases actual drop)TOF depends on muzzle velocity, BC, and distance. Higher BC and MV reduce TOF and therefore drop.
TOF from numerical integration using BC drag modelCrosswind pushes bullet laterally proportional to wind speed, TOF, and lag time. Lag time = TOF − (distance/MV).
Wind drift (in) ≈ wind (mph) × lag time × factor / BCUpdated: July 2026
G7 BC ~0.243, sea level: ~55 inches total drop from 100-yard zero, ~3.5 MOA elevation correction. 10 mph crosswind: ~18 inches drift (~3.5 MOA windage).
G7 BC ~0.326: ~320 inches drop from 100-yard zero (~31 MOA elevation). Requires accurate atmospherics and verified BC for first-round hits.
130 gr at 2900 fps, G7 BC ~0.210: ~4 inches drop from 200-yard zero at 300 yards — hold dead-on or 1 MOA up. Confirm with DOPE card.
Factory MV is from a test barrel — your rifle may differ 50–100 fps. Chronograph your load and enter actual MV for accurate drop tables.
Air density changes with temperature, pressure, and humidity. Enter current atmospherics or use Kestrel/solver auto-read — 20°F change shifts 1000-yard impact several inches.
Gravity and air drag cause bullets to drop below line of sight at distance. This calculator computes trajectory, elevation corrections in MOA or mils, and wind drift from muzzle velocity, BC, and environmental conditions.